How is the atom characterized electrically?

An atom is characterized electrically as being electrically neutral because it contains an equal number of protons, which have a positive charge, and electrons, which have a negative charge. The overall charge of the atom is balanced because the positive and negative charges cancel each other out. This balance is fundamental to the stability of matter, as any discrepancy in the number of protons and electrons would result in a charged atom, known as an ion. Therefore, under normal circumstances, atoms are neutral and do not carry an overall charge, except in specific conditions where they may gain or lose electrons. This neutrality is a key concept in understanding both atomic structure and chemical interactions.