What happens during ionization?

During ionization, atoms undergo a process where they gain or lose electrons, resulting in the formation of ions. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a cation. Conversely, when it gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is known as an anion. This process is essential in various chemical reactions and plays a significant role in conductivity and reactivity in both marine and corrosion contexts.

The other choices do not accurately describe ionization. Atoms do not lose all their electrons, as that is not a typical outcome in ionization, nor do they combine to form molecules, which describes a different chemical process known as covalent bonding. Additionally, the idea that atoms are destroyed contradicts the principle of conservation of mass, as atoms remain intact even when they gain or lose electrons. Therefore, the correct understanding of ionization centers around the transfer of electrons and the formation of charged ions.